Zellij, also known as zellige is a type of Islamic geometric mosaic tilework historically found in the Maghreb and al-Andalus, today most closely associated with traditional Moroccan architecture.
These colorful hand shaped glazed tiles, laid out in geometric patterns, are believed to date back to as early as the 10th century, while the more complex, intricate patterns common today became widespread in the 14th century, most commonly found in elite tombs, palaces, mosques, madrasa’s, wealthy trader’s houses and other elite expressions of architecture.
The cities of Fez and Meknes are among the main centres of Zellij tile production, in part because of the high quality kaolonite clay found in these places. Fez alone has more than 60 intricately adorned public fountains and a host of other historical sites featuring beautiful Zellij tilework, making it a popular tourist destination.
Although receiving international acclaim, the production of Zellij tiles is a tradition on the decline. It is a highly artisanal craft, and an incredibly labor intensive process, requiring years of training, resulting in a very expensive final product, though the tiles are still a very popular choice for hotels and select prestige projects, such as the the monumental Hassan II Mosque in Casablanca, completed in 1993.
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