(1782–1570BC). Egypt’s Second Intermediate period;

(1782–1570BC). Egypt’s Second Intermediate period;

Hyksos tribe gains control in Egypt

and Egyptians copy their war chariots

The period from 1782 to 1570 BC in ancient Egypt is known as the Second Intermediate Period. During this time, Egypt experienced significant political and social changes, marked by the fragmentation of centralized power and the rise of the Hyksos.

Second Intermediate Period (1782–1570 BC)

Context and Division:

The Second Intermediate Period followed the end of the Middle Kingdom and preceded the New Kingdom.

It was characterized by the division of Egypt into multiple competing power centers.

The central authority weakened, leading to instability and the rise of regional rulers.

Rise of the Hyksos:

The Hyksos were a Semitic-speaking people from the Levant who settled in the Nile Delta.

Around 1650 BC, they gained control over parts of northern Egypt, establishing their capital at Avaris.

They ruled as the 15th Dynasty and are often described as "foreign rulers."

Hyksos Influence:

The Hyksos introduced several significant technological and cultural advancements to Egypt, including new weaponry and tools.

One of their most notable contributions was the introduction of the horse-drawn war chariot, which they used effectively in warfare.

Egyptians Adopt Hyksos Technology:

The native Egyptians recognized the advantages of the Hyksos war chariots and began to incorporate them into their own military strategies.

This adoption played a crucial role in the eventual Egyptian expulsion of the Hyksos.

End of the Second Intermediate Period:

The native Egyptian rulers from Thebes, notably Seqenenre Tao, Kamose, and Ahmose I, led campaigns against the Hyksos.

Ahmose I successfully expelled the Hyksos around 1570 BC, marking the end of the Second Intermediate Period and the beginning of the New Kingdom.